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• bits (integer) – Key length, or size (in bits) of the RSA modulus.It must be at least 1024, but 2048 is recommended.The FIPS standard only defines 1024, 2048 and 3072.
• randfunc (callable) – Function that returns random bytes.The default is Crypto.Random.get_random_bytes().
• e (integer) – Public RSA exponent. It must be an odd positive integer.It is typically a small number with very few ones in itsbinary representation.The FIPS standard requires the public exponent to beat least 65537 (the default).

• rsa_components (tuple) –

  A tuple of integers, with at least 2 and nomore than 6 items. The items come in the following order:

  1. RSA modulus n.
  2. Public exponent e.
  3. Private exponent d.Only required if the key is private.
  4. First factor of n (p).Optional, but the other factor q must also be present.
  5. Second factor of n (q). Optional.
  6. CRT coefficient q, that is (p^{-1} text{mod }q). Optional.
• consistency_check (boolean) – If True, the library will verify that the provided componentsfulfil the main RSA properties.

ValueError – when the key being imported fails the most basic RSA validity checks.

• extern_key (string or byte string) –

  The RSA key to import.

  The following formats are supported for an RSA public key:

  • X.509 certificate (binary or PEM format)
  • X.509 subjectPublicKeyInfo DER SEQUENCE (binary or PEMencoding)
  • PKCS#1RSAPublicKey DER SEQUENCE (binary or PEM encoding)
  • An OpenSSH line (e.g. the content of ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa, ASCII)

  The following formats are supported for an RSA private key:

  • PKCS#1 RSAPrivateKey DER SEQUENCE (binary or PEM encoding)
  • PKCS#8PrivateKeyInfo or EncryptedPrivateKeyInfoDER SEQUENCE (binary or PEM encoding)
  • OpenSSH (text format, introduced in OpenSSH 6.5)

  For details about the PEM encoding, see RFC1421/RFC1423.

• passphrase (string or byte string) – For private keys only, the pass phrase that encrypts the key.

• n (integer) – RSA modulus
• e (integer) – RSA public exponent
• d (integer) – RSA private exponent
• p (integer) – First factor of the RSA modulus
• q (integer) – Second factor of the RSA modulus
• u – Chinese remainder component ((p^{-1} text{mod } q))

• format (string) –

  The format to use for wrapping the key:

  • ’PEM’. (Default) Text encoding, done according to RFC1421/RFC1423.
  • ’DER’. Binary encoding.
  • ’OpenSSH’. Textual encoding, done according to OpenSSH specification.Only suitable for public keys (not private keys).
• passphrase (string) – (For private keys only) The pass phrase used for protecting the output.
• pkcs (integer) –

  (For private keys only) The ASN.1 structure to use forserializing the key. Note that even in case of PEMencoding, there is an inner ASN.1 DER structure.

  With pkcs=1 (default), the private key is encoded in asimple PKCS#1 structure (RSAPrivateKey).

  With pkcs=8, the private key is encoded in a PKCS#8 structure(PrivateKeyInfo).

  Note

  This parameter is ignored for a public key.For DER and PEM, an ASN.1 DER SubjectPublicKeyInfostructure is always used.

• protection (string) –

  (For private keys only)The encryption scheme to use for protecting the private key.

  If None (default), the behavior depends on format:

  • For ‘DER’, the PBKDF2WithHMAC-SHA1AndDES-EDE3-CBCscheme is used. The following operations are performed:

    1. A 16 byte Triple DES key is derived from the passphraseusing Crypto.Protocol.KDF.PBKDF2() with 8 bytes salt,and 1 000 iterations of Crypto.Hash.HMAC.
    2. The private key is encrypted using CBC.
    3. The encrypted key is encoded according to PKCS#8.

  • For ‘PEM’, the obsolete PEM encryption scheme is used.It is based on MD5 for key derivation, and Triple DES for encryption.

  Specifying a value for protection is only meaningful for PKCS#8(that is, pkcs=8) and only if a pass phrase is present too.

  The supported schemes for PKCS#8 are listed in theCrypto.IO.PKCS8 module (see wrap_algo parameter).

• randfunc (callable) – A function that provides random bytes. Only used for PEM encoding.The default is Crypto.Random.get_random_bytes().

the encoded key

byte string

ValueError – when the format is unknown or when you try to encrypt a privatekey with DER format and PKCS#1.

• format (string) –

  The format to use for wrapping the key:

  • ’PEM’. (Default) Text encoding, done according to RFC1421/RFC1423.
  • ’DER’. Binary encoding.
  • ’OpenSSH’. Textual encoding, done according to OpenSSH specification.Only suitable for public keys (not private keys).
• passphrase (string) – (For private keys only) The pass phrase used for protecting the output.
• pkcs (integer) –

  (For private keys only) The ASN.1 structure to use forserializing the key. Note that even in case of PEMencoding, there is an inner ASN.1 DER structure.

  With pkcs=1 (default), the private key is encoded in asimple PKCS#1 structure (RSAPrivateKey).

  With pkcs=8, the private key is encoded in a PKCS#8 structure(PrivateKeyInfo).

  Note

  This parameter is ignored for a public key.For DER and PEM, an ASN.1 DER SubjectPublicKeyInfostructure is always used.

• protection (string) –

  (For private keys only)The encryption scheme to use for protecting the private key.

  If None (default), the behavior depends on format:

  • For ‘DER’, the PBKDF2WithHMAC-SHA1AndDES-EDE3-CBCscheme is used. The following operations are performed:

    1. A 16 byte Triple DES key is derived from the passphraseusing Crypto.Protocol.KDF.PBKDF2() with 8 bytes salt,and 1 000 iterations of Crypto.Hash.HMAC.
    2. The private key is encrypted using CBC.
    3. The encrypted key is encoded according to PKCS#8.

  • For ‘PEM’, the obsolete PEM encryption scheme is used.It is based on MD5 for key derivation, and Triple DES for encryption.

  Specifying a value for protection is only meaningful for PKCS#8(that is, pkcs=8) and only if a pass phrase is present too.

  The supported schemes for PKCS#8 are listed in theCrypto.IO.PKCS8 module (see wrap_algo parameter).

• randfunc (callable) – A function that provides random bytes. Only used for PEM encoding.The default is Crypto.Random.get_random_bytes().

the encoded key

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byte string

ValueError – when the format is unknown or when you try to encrypt a privatekey with DER format and PKCS#1.

I ran this code but got an error. It is python 3.7 running the latest PyCryptodome
Would you mind helping? I am a little lost..

File 'C:(the file location and name but i'm not going to list it).py', line 29
print '%s - (%d)' % (privatekey.exportKey() , len(privatekey.exportKey()))
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

@maxharrison These print statements indicate it was written for python 2. It could be easily fixable by making use of the print function instead of the print statement., however, no guarantees.

I am trying to learn this stuff. When I run this, I get the following error.
return (self.key._encrypt(c),) TypeError: argument 1 must be int, not str
I googled and found a bit on b64encode to be imported or encrypt(hash_pass, 32)[0] to include .encode('hex') but to no avail. Can you help?

Hi @anoopsaxena76,

Just change the encryption line as this:
encrypted_msg = encrypt_message(a_message.encode('utf-8'), publickey)

I just did it myself, it works like a charm

I ran this code but got an error. It is python 3.7 running the latest PyCryptodome

Hey, I'm trying to run this code on Python 3.7 too. What did you change apart from that print statement to adapt the code to Pycrytodome?
I get the error:

File 'C:/Users/..(don't want to show this bit)/Gavcoin3.py', line 15, in
from crypto.Hash import SHA
File 'C:Users(don't want to show this bit)AppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packagescryptoHashSHA.py', line 24, in
from Crypto.Hash.SHA1 import doc, new, block_size, digest_size
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'

Please help!

Hi @GavinAren,

I hope you've already solved your issue but if not:
Look in your python directory for /Lib/site-packages/crypto and change it to Crypto. (Capital C)

I ran this code but got an error. It is python 3.7 running the latest PyCryptodome

Hey, I'm trying to run this code on Python 3.7 too. What did you change apart from that print statement to adapt the code to Pycrytodome?
I get the error:

File 'C:/Users/..(don't want to show this bit)/Gavcoin3.py', line 15, in
from crypto.Hash import SHA
File 'C:Users(don't want to show this bit)AppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython37libsite-packagescryptoHashSHA.py', line 24, in
from Crypto.Hash.SHA1 import doc, new, block_size, digest_size
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Crypto'

Please help!

PyCrypto is written and tested using Python version 2.1 through 3.3. Python
1.5.2 is not supported. My POC resolves that pycrypto is obsoleted in python3.7. Pycryptodome is working alternative of it, but unfortunately it doesn't support plain RSA cryptography.