Generate Pre Shared Key Vpn

15.04.2020by
Generate Pre Shared Key Vpn 5,0/10 7119 reviews

Introduction

Static key configurations offer the simplest setup, and are ideal for point-to-point VPNs or proof-of-concept testing.

Pre-shared keys. Let's start with an easy authentication option: pre-shared keys. For pre-shared key authentication to work, a common key is defined on each host. The key definition binds the key to the remote peer's ISAKMP identity. From a security perspective, the pest practice is to use a unique key. A VPN tunnel will be created with a server endpoint of 10.8.0.1 and a client endpoint of 10.8.0.2. Encrypted communication between client and server will occur over UDP port 1194, the default OpenVPN port. Generate a static key: openvpn -genkey -secret static.key. Copy the static key to both client and server, over a pre-existing secure channel.

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Static Key advantages

  • Simple Setup
  • No X509 PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) to maintain

Static Key disadvantages

  • Limited scalability — one client, one server
  • Lack of perfect forward secrecy — key compromise results in total disclosure of previous sessions
  • Secret key must exist in plaintext form on each VPN peer
  • Secret key must be exchanged using a pre-existing secure channel

Simple Example

This example demonstrates a bare-bones point-to-point OpenVPN configuration. A VPN tunnel will be created with a server endpoint of 10.8.0.1 and a client endpoint of 10.8.0.2. Encrypted communication between client and server will occur over UDP port 1194, the default OpenVPN port.

Generate a static key:

Copy the static key to both client and server, over a pre-existing secure channel.

Server configuration file

Client configuration file

Firewall configuration

Make sure that:

  • UDP port 1194 is open on the server, and
  • the virtual TUN interface used by OpenVPN is not blocked on either the client or server (on Linux, the TUN interface will probably be called tun0 while on Windows it will probably be called something like Local Area Connection n unless you rename it in the Network Connections control panel).

Bear in mind that 90% of all connection problems encountered by new OpenVPN users are firewall-related.

Testing the VPN

Run OpenVPN using the respective configuration files on both server and client, changing myremote.mydomain in the client configuration to the domain name or public IP address of the server.

To verify that the VPN is running, you should be able to ping 10.8.0.2 from the server and 10.8.0.1 from the client.

Expanding on the Simple Example

Use compression on the VPN link

Add the following line to both client and server configuration files:

Make the link more resistent to connection failures

Deal with:

  • keeping a connection through a NAT router/firewall alive, and
  • follow the DNS name of the server if it changes its IP address.

Add the following to both client and server configuration files:

Run OpenVPN as a daemon (Linux/BSD/Solaris/MacOSX only)

Run OpenVPN as a daemon and drop privileges to user/group nobody.

Add to configuration file (client and/or server):

Allow client to reach entire server subnet

Suppose the OpenVPN server is on a subnet 192.168.4.0/24. Add the following to client configuration:

Then on the server side, add a route to the server’s LAN gateway that routes 10.8.0.2 to the OpenVPN server machine (only necessary if the OpenVPN server machine is not also the gateway for the server-side LAN). Also, don’t forget to enable IP Forwarding on the OpenVPN server machine.

IPSec VPN Setup with IKE Preshared Key and Manual Key on WRVS4400N Router

Objective

Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) is used to protect communications through the encryption of IP packets during a communication session. IPSec is also an internet protocol used to establish mutual authentication between two endpoints at the beginning of a communication session and negotiation of cryptographic keys during session. Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a private network that allows the transmission of information between two PCs across the network. VPN establishes a high level of security on the private network through the use of encryption.

This document shows the configuration of the IPSec VPN with IKE Preshared Key and Manual Key on a WRVS4400N router.

Applicable Devices

• WRVS4400N

Software Version

• v2.0.2.1

Configuration of IPSec VPN Setup

Step 1. Log into the web configuration utility page and choose VPN > IPSec VPN. The IPSec VPN page opens:

Step 2. Choose an option from the Keying Mode drop-down list.

• IKE with Preshared Key — If you select IKE with Preshared key the automatic key management protocols are used to negotiate key material for SA (Security Association).

• Manual — If you select Manual Key Management no key negotiation is needed. The Manual key is usually used for small environments or for troubleshooting purposes.

Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same key management method.

IPSec VPN Setup with IKE Preshared Key

Step 1. Choose IKE with Preshared Key from the drop-down list of the Keying Mode field.

In the Phase 1 area,

Step 2. Choose 3DES in the Encryption field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets. Only 3DES is supported.

Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.

Step 3. Choose an option from the Authentication drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.

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• MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest. This is not as secure as SHA1 because it is a broken one-way has algorithm.

• SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. This is a more secure has algorithm but is not as fast as MD5.

Note: Both sides of the VPN endpoints must use the same Authentication method.

Step 4. Choose an option from the Group drop-down list. The Diffie-Hellman (DH) group is used for key exchange.

•768-bit (Group 1) algorithm — This group provides the least level of security and specifies the IPSec to use 768-bit for DH key exchange

•1024-bit (Group 2) algorithm — This group specifies the IPSec to use for 1024-bit for DH key exchange.

•1536-bit (Group 5) algorithm — This group provides the highest level of security to the network and specifies the IPSec to use 1536-bit for DH key exchange.

Note: Group 5 provides the most security whereas the Group 1 the least security.

Step 5. Enter the lifetime (in seconds) of the IKE generated key in the Key LifeTime. When the time expires, a new key will be renegotiated automatically. The Key Lifetime ranges from 1081 to 86400 seconds. The default value for Phase 1 is 28800 seconds.

In the Phase 2 area,

Step 6. Choose 3EDS in the Encryption field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets, Only 3DES is supported

Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.

Step 7. Choose an option from the Authentication drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.

• MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest. This is not as secure as SHA1 because it is a broken one-way hash algorithm.

• SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest. This is a more secure has algorithm but is not as fast as MD5.

Note: Both sides of the VPN endpoints must use the same Authentication method.

Step 8. Choose an option from the Prefect Forward Secrecy (PFS) drop-down list.

• Enabled — If PFS is enabled, IKE Phase 2 negotiation will generate a new key material for IP traffic encryption and authentication.

• Disabled —If PFS is disabled, IKE Phase 2 negotiation will not generate a new key material for IP traffic encryption and authentication.

Note: Both sides must have selected the same PFS.

Step 9. Enter the character and hexadecimal value that specifies a key used to authenticate IP traffic in the Preshared Key field.

Step 10. Choose an option from the Group drop-down list.The Diffie-Hellman (DH) group to be used for key exchange.

•768-bit (Group 1) algorithm — This group provides the least level of security and specifies the IPSec to use 768-bit for DH key exchange

•1024-bit (Group 2) algorithm — This group specifies the IPSec to use for 1024-bit for DH key exchange.

•1536-bit (Group 5) algorithm — This group provides the highest level of security to the network and specifies the IPSec to use 1536-bit for DH key exchange.

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Note: Group 5 provides the most security whereas the Group 1 the least security.

Step 11. Enter the lifetime (in seconds) of the IKE generated key in the Key LifeTime. If time expires,a new key will be renegotiated automatically. The Key Lifetime ranges from 1081 to 86400 seconds. The default value for Phase 2 is 3600 seconds.

Step 12. Click the Save to save set up.

IPSec VPN Setup with Manual Key

In the IPSec Setup area,

Step 1. Choose the Manual key from the drop-down list of the Keying Mode field.

In the Phase 1 area,

Step 2. Choose 3DES in the Encryption field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets,Only 3DES is supported.

Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.

Step 3. Choose an option from the Authentication drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.

•MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.

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•SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest.

Note: Both sides of the VPN endpoints must use the same Authentication method.

Step 4. Choose an option from the Group drop-down list. The Diffie-Hellman (DH) group is used for key exchange.

•768-bit (Group 1) algorithm — This group provides the least level of security and specifies the IPSec to use 768-bit for DH key exchange

•1024-bit (Group 2) algorithm — This group specifies the IPSec to use for 1024-bit for DH key exchange.

•1536-bit (Group 5) algorithm — This group provides the highest level of security to the network and specifies the IPSec to use 1536-bit for DH key exchange.

Note: Group 5 provides the most security whereas the Group 1 the least security.

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Step 5. Enter the lifetime (in seconds) of the IKE generated key in the Key LifeTime. If time expires, a new key will be renegotiated automatically. The Key Lifetime range from 1081 to 86400 seconds. The default value for Phase 1 is 28800 seconds.

In the Phase 2 area,

Step 6. Choose 3EDS in the Encryption Algorithm field. The Encryption method determines the length of the key used to encrypt/decrypt ESP packets, Only 3DES is supported

Note: Both sides of the VPN Tunnel must use the same Encryption method.

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Step 7. Enter the encryption key in the Encryption Key field. Since Encryption Algorithm is 3DES enter 24 ASCII Characters as key in the Encryption Key field.

Step 8. Choose an option from the Authentication Algorithm drop-down list. Authentication determines a method to authenticate ESP Packets. The user can choose MD5 or SHA1 from the drop-down list.

• MD5 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128-bit digest.

•SHA1 — A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160-bit digest.

Step 9. Enter the authentication key in the Authentication Key field. If MD5 algorithm was chosen in authentication algorithm field enter 16 ASCII characters as key, otherwise if SHA1 algorithm was chosen enter 20 ASCII characters as authentication key.

Step 10. Enter the inbound SPI (Security Parameter Index) in the Inbound SPI field.

Step 11. Enter the outbound SPI (Security Parameter Index) in the Inbound SPI field.

The SPI (Security Parameter Index) is carried in the ESP(Encapsulating Security Payload) header. This enables the receiver to select the SA, under which a packet should be processed. The SPI is a 32-bit value. Both decimal and hexadecimal values are acceptable. Each tunnel must have unique an Inbound SPI and Outbound SPI. No two tunnels share the same SPI.

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Step 12. Enter the outbound SPI (Security Parameter Index) in the Inbound SPI field.

Note: The Inbound SPI should match with the router Outbound SPI, and vice verse.

Step 13. Click the Save to save set up.

IPSec VPN Status

Step 1. Log in to the web configuration utility, choose VPN > IPSec VPN. The IPSec VPN page opens:

Note: Please make sure a VPN Tunnel is created. Refer to article IPSec VPN Local and Remote Group Setup on WRVS4400N Router on how to do this.

Step 2. Click Advanced. It displays two more options.

• Aggressive mode — Aggressive Mode squeezes the IKE SA negotiation into three packets, with all data required for the SA passed by the initiator. The responder sends the proposal, key material and ID, and authenticates the session in the next packet. The initiator replies by authenticating the session. Negotiation is quicker, and the initiator and responder ID pass in the clear.

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• NetBios Broadcast — NetBIOS broadcasts a Name Query packet to the local network on UDP port 137. Every computer on the local subnet processes the broadcast packet. If a computer on the network is configured for the NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) protocol, the NetBIOS module in the computer receives the broadcast.

Step 3. Click the desired button.

• Connect — Establishes the connection for the current VPN tunnel.

• Disconnect — Breaks the connection for the current VPN tunnel.

• View Log — It displays VPN logs and the details of each tunnel established.

Step 4. Click Save, to save all the changes.

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